Source register
Source register
532 researched statements on Syrian formation law – each with source, check date and verification status. As of: 11 October 2026.
“Verified against the legal text” and “Official body” count as supported. All other entries are still to be verified and lead to a professional review in the case.
| No. | Statement | Verification status | Source | checked on |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-100 | LD 29/2011 Art. 100 – الاكتتاب باسهم الشركة joint-stock company, private and public Subject to special laws: (1) The founders may cover the entire share value alone, without public offering; the company is then a private joint-stock company. (2) They may subscribe for at least 10 % and at most 75 % of the entire capital and offer the remainder publicly; then it is a public joint-stock company; a natural person (founder or shareholder) may not subscribe for more than 10 % of the capital. (3) The founders must pay in at least 40 % of the value of the shares they have subscribed after ratification of the articles of association and prove this to the Ministry. (4) Founders are prohibited from subscribing for publicly offered shares during the first subscription period. (5) If a founder does not pay and does not comply with the formal notice within ten days from service, the other founders may have the unpaid shares covered or withdraw from the formation. (6) The provisions on the private joint-stock company are issued by ministerial decision (p. 42). Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 41). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 100 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-101 | LD 29/2011 Art. 101 – زيادة رأس المال joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) (1) The joint-stock company may increase its capital by resolution of the extraordinary general meeting if it is fully paid in; the resolution requires the ratification of the Ministry and, in the case of a public joint-stock company, the consent of the securities commission. (2) Methods: a) issue of new shares to shareholders or the public; b) conversion of the voluntary reserve or of the retained profits in whole or in part; c) conversion of convertible bonds; d) merger with another company. (3) Shareholders have a subscription right (exercise or sale) according to the instructions of the securities commission, irrespective of deviating articles of association. (4) The record date for the subscription right is the end of the 15th day after the decision of the board of commissioners of the securities commission on the consent and the issue prospectus. (5) New shares at the original nominal value; the extraordinary general meeting may resolve a premium, which accrues to the reserve as profit. (6) The board of directors publishes in at least two daily newspapers a notice on subscription priority, beginning/end of the subscription and the payment. (7) The increase resolution must be implemented within six months (private joint-stock company) or one year (public joint-stock company) from ratification by the Ministry, otherwise it is deemed revoked by operation of law. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 42). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 101 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-102 | LD 29/2011 Art. 102 – زيادة رأس المال بايجاد اسهم عينية joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) If the extraordinary general meeting resolves a capital increase by new in-kind shares, the rules applicable to in-kind shares at formation must be observed; the ordinary general meeting then assumes the tasks of the constituent meeting (pp. 42–43). Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 42). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 102 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-103 | LD 29/2011 Art. 103 – تخفيض رأس المال joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) (1) If the losses exceed half of the capital, the board of directors must convene the extraordinary general meeting, which resolves either on 1) covering the losses, 2) a capital reduction not below the statutory minimum or 3) dissolution and liquidation. (2) If the board of directors fails to convene, if the meeting does not take place for lack of quorum or if it rejects the dissolution, any shareholder or the Ministry may apply for judicial dissolution and liquidation. (3) Losses may not, in any amount, be covered from the difference of a revaluation of the company's assets. (4) If the company has surplus capital, the board of directors may submit this to the extraordinary general meeting for reduction, but not below the statutory minimum capital. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 43). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 103 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-104 | LD 29/2011 Art. 104 – طرق تخفيض رأس المال joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) The reduction is effected either by lowering the share value by cancelling a part of the paid-in amount corresponding to the loss (in compliance with the statutory minimum nominal value), by repaying a part of the capital if the capital exceeds the need, or by redemption of shares. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 43). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 104 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-105 | LD 29/2011 Art. 105 – اجراءات تخفيض رأس المال joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) (1) The board of directors attaches to the application for ratification of the amendment of the articles of association a list of creditors from the auditor (names, claims, addresses) and his certificate that the reduction does not affect creditors' rights. (2) Publication of the resolution with the list of creditors in the Official Gazette and in two daily newspapers, at least twice. (3) Creditors with together at least 10 % of the debts according to the auditor's report may bring an action for annulment before the competent court within 30 days from the last newspaper publication; the one-month period does not run against creditors not named. (4) The court may suspend execution (order in chambers, immediately enforceable; pp. 43–44). (5) Expedited procedure, hearings at most every 72 hours. (6) The decision of the court of appeal is final. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 43). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 105 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-106 | LD 29/2011 Art. 106 – المصادقة على تخفيض رأس المال joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) If no decision on the suspension of execution is served on the Ministry within 45 days from the last newspaper publication of the reduction resolution and the amendment does not violate the articles of association or this Legislative Decree, the Ministry ratifies the reduction. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 44). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 106 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-107 | LD 29/2011 Art. 107 – تغطية الاسهم public joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة عامة) The public joint-stock company offers its shares publicly for subscription in accordance with the law on the securities commission and the regulations and instructions issued thereunder. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 44). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 107 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-108 | LD 29/2011 Art. 108 – الاعلان عن طرح الاسهم للاكتتاب العام public joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة عامة) (1) The public offering must be announced in two daily newspapers at least twice and at least ten days before the beginning of subscription. (2) The announcement contains: a) name; b) purpose, capital, type and number of the shares offered, nominal value and premium where applicable; c) contributions in kind and their value according to the valuation report; d) beginning and duration of subscription and subscription office; the subscription duration is at least 20 and at most 90 days; e) possibility of obtaining the articles of association and the issue prospectus at the subscription office; f) number and date of the consent of the securities commission. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 44). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 108 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-109 | LD 29/2011 Art. 109 – نشرة الاصدار public joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة عامة) In a public offering the company must make available to the subscribers, free of charge, an issue prospectus approved by the securities commission. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 45). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 109 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-110 | LD 29/2011 Art. 110 – الاكتتاب على الاسهم joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) (1) Subject to Art. 107, subscription takes place at one or more banks; the share value is paid in there and booked to an account of the company. (2) Subscription on a subscription form with: a) name of the subscriber and number of shares; b) acceptance of the articles of association; c) chosen address for service in Syria; d) other necessary particulars. (3) The subscriber hands over the signed form and pays against receipt. (4) The receipt contains name, address for service, date of subscription, number of shares, amount paid and the confirmation of receipt of a copy of the articles of association. (5) After completion, no withdrawal from the subscription is possible. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 45). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 110 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-111 | LD 29/2011 Art. 111 – الموطن المختار للمساهمين joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) The address for service chosen by the shareholder applies to all service relating to the company; the shareholder may change it by a letter registered with the company, but it must be located in Syria. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 45). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 111 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-112 | LD 29/2011 Art. 112 – عوارض الاكتتاب public joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة عامة) (1) If not all shares offered are subscribed, the founders may subscribe for the remaining ones or have them covered by an underwriter or securities brokerage companies, within 15 days from the end of subscription. (2) If this does not succeed, the company is deemed founded with the subscribed capital if there are at least 25 shareholders, the subscribed capital amounts to at least 75 % of the offered capital and the minimum under Art. 223/1 is not undercut, provided the constituent meeting consents (p. 46). (3) Otherwise the subscription period may be extended by at most 90 days with the consent of the Ministry and the securities commission; if thereafter three quarters of the shares are not subscribed and the value is below the minimum under Art. 223/1, the founders must withdraw from the formation. (4) If the constituent meeting does not consent to the formation or the formation is abandoned, the founders' committee must, within 21 days (from the end of subscription or the rejection), apply to the Ministry for revocation of the ratification of the articles of association; the Ministry informs the subscription offices; in the event of failure the founders owe interest at the statutory maximum rate from expiry of the period. (5) After service of the revocation decision the subscription offices repay the amounts in full against receipt. (6) The contributor in kind may demand the re-registration of his contribution in kind in his name. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 45). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 112 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-113 | LD 29/2011 Art. 113 – تجاوز الاكتتاب لعدد الاسهم المطروحة public joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة عامة) If the subscription exceeds the number of shares offered, the shares must be distributed pro rata among the subscribers, whereby subscribers of small numbers of shares are to be taken into account. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 46). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 113 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-114 | LD 29/2011 Art. 114 – تخصيص الاسهم joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) (1) The founders' committee or the board of directors allot the subscribed shares within 30 days from the end of the subscription period and are jointly and severally liable for the correctness. (2) Within 30 days from the allotment resolution a registered letter is sent to each subscriber with the number of shares allotted. (3) The first board of directors must issue provisional certificates for the amounts paid and repay excess amounts within 60 days from publication of the company (pp. 46–47). (4) In the event of failure the members of the board of directors owe interest at the statutory maximum rate from the first day after expiry of the period. (5) Founders, board of directors and subscription offices are jointly and severally liable for the full repayment of the subscribed amounts if they are to be repaid. (6) The founders bear all formation costs if the formation fails. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 46). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 114 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-115 | LD 29/2011 Art. 115 – اعلام الوزارة وهيئة الاوراق بنتائج الاكتتاب joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) The founders' committee or the board of directors must transmit to the Ministry and the securities commission, within at most 30 days from the allotment, a list with the names of the subscribers, the number of shares subscribed by each and the number allotted to him. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 47). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the text of the law are as of 2011 (old lira) and are not to be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 115 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-116 | LD 29/2011 Art. 116 – شهادات الاسهم Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) (1) After full payment, the shareholder receives a definitive registered certificate stating: a) name, capital and commercial register number of the company; b) nominal value of the share; c) name and number of the shareholder; d) number of shares; e) certificate number; f) signatures of the authorised signatories. (2) The articles of association govern replacement in the event of loss, damage or theft. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 47). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 116 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-117 | LD 29/2011 Art. 117 – سجل المساهمين Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة) (1) The joint-stock company keeps a shareholders' register stating: a) name, number, nationality and address for service; b) number and class of shares; c) sale, gift, attachment, pledge and other annotations; d) further particulars determined by the board of directors (p. 48). (2) The board of directors is liable for the register and its accuracy. (3) Every shareholder may inspect the particulars concerning him, in person or through persons authorised in writing. (4) Dispositions, attachments and pledges take effect vis-à-vis the company, shareholders and third parties only upon registration; possession of the share without registration does not give rise to any legal presumption. (5) Company assets may not be attached for the debts of a shareholder, but his shares and profits may; attachment annotation in the register; realisation by sale on the securities exchange, otherwise public auction. (6) Dividends on pledged/attached shares go to the owner unless the pledge instrument or attachment order provides otherwise. (7) The voting right remains with the registered owner. (8) Register entries are deemed correct until a final and binding judgment of forgery. (9) The person responsible for the register who makes untrue entries is punished for forgery. (10) The articles of association may provide for digital/electronic registers. (11) A copy may be deposited with another body for the purpose of exchange trading and the keeping of it transferred to that body; that body is then liable. (12) For listing on the exchange, the public joint-stock company is subject to the laws on the Securities Authority and the securities exchange. (13) The private joint-stock company may have bonds listed and traded on the exchange. (14) The Securities Authority may issue rules for the trading and listing of shares of private joint-stock companies. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 47). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 117 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-118 | LD 29/2011 Art. 118 – التصرفات على الأسهم Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The articles of association lay down the procedure for dispositions of shares and for pledge and attachment annotations. (2) The pledgor must hand over the pledged share to the pledgee. (3) Upon entry in the company register, the pledgee acquires a preferential right to satisfaction from the value of the shares. (4) Dispositions of pledged, attached or blocked shares take effect only after deletion of the blocking annotation or satisfaction of the secured rights; (5) such shares may not be traded. (6) For listed shares, the exchange rules apply with priority over the rules of the articles of association on transfer of ownership, insofar as they do not conflict with the Decree. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 48). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 118 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-119 | LD 29/2011 Art. 119 – المحظورات على الهيئات العامة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) On pain of nullity, the general assembly may not: a) increase the financial liability of the shareholder beyond the nominal value paid in by him; b) reduce the percentage of net profit to be distributed to the shareholders as fixed in the articles of association; c) introduce new conditions, not stated in the articles of association, for the shareholder's participation and voting right in the assemblies; d) restrict the right to sue members of the management (board of directors) for damages. (2) Deviations are possible only with the written consent of all shareholders or by unanimous resolution of the extraordinary general assembly with the participation of all shareholders. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 49). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 119 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-120 | LD 29/2011 Art. 120 – حقوق المساهم Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private The shareholder has in particular the following rights: (1) receipt of resolved profits and interest; (2) a share in the entire company assets including capital upon liquidation; (3) participation in the general assemblies; (4) share certificate; (5) sale, gift and pledging of the shares in accordance with the articles of association; (6) action for nullity of unlawful resolutions, or resolutions contrary to the articles of association, of the general assembly or board of directors; (7) inspection of the books; (8) a printed booklet with a) the balance sheet of the past financial year, b) profit and loss account, c) report of the board of directors, d) report of the auditors; (9) request for convening of the general assembly; (10) request for additions to the agenda, in each case under the conditions of the Decree. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 49). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 120 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-121 | LD 29/2011 Art. 121 – أسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) Joint-stock companies may issue bonds (debt securities). (2) Bonds are negotiable, indivisible securities with a uniform nominal value by which the company undertakes to repay loans and interest in accordance with the terms of issue. (3) Placement takes place in accordance with the Decree and the law of the Securities Authority by public invitation to subscribe after approval by the Securities Authority. (4) Issue at nominal value, at a discount or at a premium is permitted; the nominal value is always carried in the books. (5) Bonds are denominated in Syrian currency or, after approval by the Ministry, in foreign currency. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 50). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 121 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-122 | LD 29/2011 Art. 122 – ماهية أسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private Bonds give the holder the right to fixed interest, payable on specified dates, and to repayment of his claim from the assets of the company. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 50). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 122 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-123 | LD 29/2011 Art. 123 – شروط إصدار أسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private The issue of bonds requires: (1) the company's capital is fully paid up; (2) the bond does not exceed the company's capital; (3) approval of the general assembly in the case of ordinary bonds, or of the extraordinary general assembly in the case of bonds convertible into shares – this approval is deemed at the same time to be approval of the capital increase; (4) approval of the Ministry and of the Securities Authority. (Conditions 1–4 are on PDF p. 51.) Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 50). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 123 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-124 | LD 29/2011 Art. 124 – الإعلان عن اسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private The board of directors must announce the subscription of the bonds in two daily newspapers at least twice. The notice must contain: date of the resolution of the ordinary or extraordinary general assembly, number and nominal value of the bonds, any discounts or premium, interest rate, repayment date, conditions and security, number and security of bonds issued earlier, amount of the company's capital, statement of convertibility, value of the contributions in kind, results of the last confirmed balance sheet, and number and date of the approval of the Securities Authority. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 51). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 124 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-125 | LD 29/2011 Art. 125 – سجل اسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private Bonds are registered in the name of their holders; dispositions of them are documented in the registers of the issuing company or with the body keeping the register. If listed on the exchange, they are tradable in accordance with the rules of the exchange and the requirements of the Securities Authority. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 51). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 125 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-126 | LD 29/2011 Art. 126 – الاكتتاب على اسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The bond amount is to be paid in one sum upon subscription. (2) The board of directors may content itself with the bonds actually subscribed if not all were subscribed within the period. (3) Subject to Art. 123/2, in the event of oversubscription the bonds are to be distributed pro rata among the subscribers, with subscribers of small numbers to be taken into account. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 51). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 126 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-127 | LD 29/2011 Art. 127 – بيانات اسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private The bond certificate must contain (list on PDF p. 52): (1) name, address, register number and date, and duration of the company; (2) name of the holder; (3) number, type, nominal value, term and interest rate; (4) total value of the bonds issued; (5) dates and conditions of redemption and interest due dates; (6) special security, if any. Furthermore, other conditions required by the Securities Authority or desired by the company, insofar as compatible with the terms of issue. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 51). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 127 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-128 | LD 29/2011 Art. 128 – ضمانات اسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private If the bonds are secured, the security must be provided before subscription begins. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 52). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 128 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-129 | LD 29/2011 Art. 129 – اسناد القرض القابلة للتحويل Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private Subject to the requirements for issue, the company may issue bonds convertible into shares: (1) the resolution of the extraordinary general assembly must contain all rules and conditions of conversion; (2) the holder must declare his wish to convert on the dates specified in the terms of issue, otherwise he loses the conversion right. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 52). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 129 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-130 | LD 29/2011 Art. 130 – الوفاء بقيمة اسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The company repays the bonds in accordance with the conditions fixed at issue. (2) The repayment date may be brought forward or postponed only with the consent of the assembly of bondholders. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 52). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 130 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-131 | LD 29/2011 Art. 131 – هيئة مالكي اسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) With each issue, an assembly of bondholders arises by operation of law. (2) Its resolutions also bind those absent and those present who were outvoted (para. 2 on PDF p. 53). Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 52). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 131 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-132 | LD 29/2011 Art. 132 – اجتماعات هيئة مالكي اسناد القرض وصلاحيتها Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The bondholders' assembly meets for the first time at the invitation of the board of directors of the issuer. (2) The board of directors must convene it within 15 days of the close of subscription. (3) Agenda: approval of the assembly's rules of procedure and election of the representatives. (4) The representatives may attend the general assemblies and take part in the discussion, but without voting rights; the company must invite them like shareholders. (5) The representatives may take all protective measures to safeguard the bondholders' rights. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 53). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 132 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-133 | LD 29/2011 Art. 133 – الدعوة إلى اجتماعات هيئة مالكي اسناد القرض Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The assembly meets at the invitation of its representatives. (2) They must convene it if bondholders holding 10 percent of the bond value so request. (3) The board of directors may also convene it. (4) The rules of the ordinary general assembly apply to invitation and meeting. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 53). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 133 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-134 | LD 29/2011 Art. 134 – مخالفة شروط الاصدار Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private Any disposition in breach of the terms of issue is null and void unless the bondholders' assembly approves it by a three-quarters majority of the votes represented, whereby the bonds represented must amount to at least three quarters of the total value of the bonds subscribed. The approval does not preclude judicial prosecution of the person who breached the terms of issue. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 53). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 134 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-135 | LD 29/2011 Art. 135 – الدعوة لانعقاد الهيئة العامة التأسيسية للشركة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The founders' committee must invite the subscribers to the constituent general assembly within 30 days of the allotment resolution; the meeting must take place within 30 days of the invitation. (2) If it fails to do so, any subscriber may apply to the Ministry, which must then issue the invitation. (3) The founders' committee elects one of its members as chairman of the constituent general assembly (end of para. 2 and para. 3 on PDF p. 54). Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 53). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 135 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-136 | LD 29/2011 Art. 136 – اجتماع الهيئة العامة التأسيسية Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The invitation procedure, quorum and adoption of resolutions of the ordinary general assembly apply to the constituent general assembly. (2) Subscribers with contributions in kind have no voting right on resolutions concerning their contributions in kind. (3) The mandate and powers of the founders' committee end with the election of the first board of directors; it must hand over all documents of the company to that board. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 54). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 136 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-137 | LD 29/2011 Art. 137 – صلاحيات الهيئة العامة التأسيسية Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The constituent general assembly examines the founders' report, which must contain complete particulars of all formation transactions together with supporting documents, satisfies itself of its accuracy and conformity with the law and the articles of association, and confirms it. (2) It discusses the formation costs audited by the auditor appointed by the founders' committee. (3) It examines the contracts and transactions concluded during the formation phase. (4) It examines the shares in kind. (5) It elects the first board of directors and the auditors. (6) It then declares the company definitively formed. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 54). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 137 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-138 | LD 29/2011 Art. 138 – الاعتراض على نفقات التأسيس Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) If shareholders holding at least 10 percent of the shares represented at the constituent general assembly object to the formation costs or to the contracts and transactions concluded during the formation phase, they may bring an action before the competent court; the action does not affect the continuation of business. (2) The action lapses three years after the date of the publication (register publicity) of the company. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 54). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 138 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-139 | LD 29/2011 Art. 139 – مجلس الإدارة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The company is managed by a board of directors: at least 3 members in the private joint-stock company, at least 5 in the public joint-stock company, in no case more than 13, according to the articles of association; election by the general assembly; a member may be a legal person, represented by one or more designated natural persons. (2) The articles of association may provide for the election of non-shareholders, at most one third of the members. (3) In the private joint-stock company, the chairman or deputy may at the same time be general manager. (4) The legal person may replace its representative by letter; effective only after publication in the register. (5) Term of office four years, unless the articles of association specify a shorter one. (6) In the last 90 days of the term of office, the board of directors convenes the general assembly for a new election and continues in office until then; delay of at most 90 days after the end of the term. (7) Re-election permitted. (8) A person elected in absentia must accept or decline within 10 days of notification; silence is deemed acceptance. (Text on PDF p. 55; parts of para. 1 highlighted in red.) Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 54). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 139 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-140 | LD 29/2011 Art. 140 – جواز تعيين عضو في مجلس الإدارة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private The articles of association may give one or more shareholders holding at least 10 percent of the shares the right to appoint one or more members of the board of directors in proportion to their shareholding; their number is deducted from the total number, and these shareholders do not take part in the election of the remaining members. Fractions are disregarded in the calculation. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 55). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 140 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-141 | LD 29/2011 Art. 141 – جنسية اعضاء مجلس الادارة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private Subject to special laws: (1) The majority of the members of the board of directors must hold the nationality of the Syrian Arab Republic. (2) The Ministry may lower this quota if the foreign capital participation exceeds 65 percent, provided that the proportion of foreigners on the board of directors does not exceed their share of the capital (end on PDF p. 56; article set in violet in the PDF). Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 55). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 141 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-142 | LD 29/2011 Art. 142 – شروط العضوية في مجلس الادارة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private A member of the board of directors must: (1) be of full age and in possession of civil rights; (2) not have been convicted of a felony or of an offence against honour and trust; (3) not – personally or as representative of a legal person – be a member in more than five joint-stock companies subject to the Decree; (4) not be a state employee, except as representative of a public body. (5) Proof is furnished by a declaration signed by each member and a duly certified extract from the criminal record; members and chairman must submit the declaration to the company every year in the first month. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 56). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 142 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-143 | LD 29/2011 Art. 143 – ما يشترط في رئيس مجلس الادارة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private The chairman of the board of directors may not – personally or as representative of a legal person – be chairman in more than two joint-stock companies subject to the Decree. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 56). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 143 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-144 | LD 29/2011 Art. 144 – اسهم الضمان Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The articles of association determine the number of shares a member must hold in order to be eligible; they need not already be held at the time of election but may be acquired within 30 days of election, otherwise the membership lapses. (2) These shares are deposited with the company against receipt and given a blocking annotation; the block is deemed a pledge in favour of the company and security for the liability of the board of directors and is noted in the share register. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 56). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 144 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-145 | LD 29/2011 Art. 145 – صلاحيات مجلس الادارة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The board of directors has comprehensive powers for all transactions required by the operation in accordance with the company's object; limits only from the Decree or the articles of association. (2) It is bound by the instructions of the general assembly and may not act contrary to its resolutions. (3) The articles of association lay down limits and conditions under which the board of directors may take out loans, sell, pledge and dispose of assets, waive projects, licences and concessions, and provide guarantees (para. 3 on PDF p. 57). Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 56). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 145 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-146 | LD 29/2011 Art. 146 – المناصب في مجلس الادارة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The board of directors meets at the head office within 7 days of its election and elects the chairman and deputy by secret ballot; the Ministry is informed. (2) In the absence of a rule in the articles of association, their term of office runs for the duration of the board of directors. (3) The board may distribute the work among the members and entrust members or committees with tasks or supervision. (4) Election results (chairman, deputy, managing directors authorised to sign, head of the managing directors) and any change in composition or powers are to be notified to the Ministry, which forwards them to the register secretariat for publication. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 57). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 146 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-147 | LD 29/2011 Art. 147 – المديرون التنفيذيون ورئيسهم Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The board of directors may appoint one or more managing directors (executive directors) and a head of the managing directors, with sole or joint signing authority depending on the authorisation, and dismiss them by resolution. (2) It fixes their remuneration. (3) Managing directors and their head may not be a director or employee of another company. (4) Notwithstanding other provisions, in the public joint-stock company no member of the board of directors may be managing director or head of the managing directors or hold a remunerated position in the company. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 57). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 147 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-148 | LD 29/2011 Art. 148 – تمثيل الشركة Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) The chairman of the board of directors is president of the company and represents it vis-à-vis third parties; his signature is deemed that of the entire board of directors, unless the articles of association provide otherwise. (2) He must carry out the resolutions of the board and follow its instructions. (3) The deputy represents him in his absence. (4) Restrictions on the power of representation and signing authority entered in the commercial register apply vis-à-vis third parties if the contract or legal act refers to the commercial register number of the company (paras. 2–4 on PDF p. 58). Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 57). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 148 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| E-149 | LD 29/2011 Art. 149 – شغور العضوية Joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة), public and private (1) If a seat becomes vacant, the board of directors may appoint a shareholder who meets the requirements; the appointment is to be submitted to the next ordinary general assembly for confirmation or election of another, unless the articles of association provide otherwise; the new member completes the term of office of the predecessor. (2) If the vacant seats reach one quarter of the members, the ordinary general assembly is to be convened for a by-election within at most 90 days of the last vacancy. Article read in full against the Arabic text provided (PDF p. 58). Origin of the file not officially verified; no comparison with the Official Gazette. Amounts in the statutory text are as of 2011 (old lira) and must not be used as current. Later amendments to the article cannot be identified from this file. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. LD 29/2011 Art. 149 قانون الشركات – المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 (vollständiger arabischer Text, 87 S., vom Portalbetreiber bereitgestellt) published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
Translations are provided for understanding. The official Arabic original texts are binding.