Source register
Source register
532 researched statements on Syrian formation law – each with source, check date and verification status. As of: 11 October 2026.
“Verified against the legal text” and “Official body” count as supported. All other entries are still to be verified and lead to a professional review in the case.
| No. | Statement | Verification status | Source | checked on |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-001 | Continued validity of the Companies Law all The Companies Law (Legislative Decree No. 29 of 14 February 2011) remains the applicable legal basis: the Ministry of Economy and Industry expressly bases circulars of May 2025 (Arts. 56, 92, 224) and of March 2026 on it. A new companies law or an amendment in 2025/2026 could not be found. The negative finding (no new law) is based on an unsuccessful search in AR/EN, not on official confirmation. The circulars themselves were read only via the press (SANA/Enab Baladi/CNBC Arabia). Since the end of 2025 there has been a new People's Assembly – drafts in progress are possible, unconfirmed. |
Official body | تعميم بتوحيد آلية العمل لدوائر الشركات والسجل التجاري (Enab Baladi) published 30 March 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-002 | Competent authority today all The competent authority is the Companies Directorate (مديرية الشركات) at the General Administration for Internal Trade and Consumer Protection in the Ministry of Economy and Industry (Minister: Mohammad Nidal al-Shaar); in the governorates, the companies departments (دوائر الشركات) and commercial register offices (أمانات السجل التجاري) of the internal trade directorates. The former separate Ministry of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection no longer exists in that form. Many law firm websites in 2026 still use the old ministry names. The website mitcp.gov.sy already shows the header 'وزارة الاقتصاد والصناعة – الإدارة العامة للتجارة الداخلية وحماية المستهلك'. |
Official body | إطلاق خدمة تأسيس الشركات عبر البوابة الإلكترونية للإدارة العامة للتجارة الداخلية (SANA) published 7 July 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-003 | Catalogue of legal forms all Companies in Syria may only take one of five forms: general partnership (تضامن), limited partnership (توصية), silent/undisclosed partnership (محاصة), LLC (محدودة المسؤولية) and joint-stock company (مساهمة مغفلة). A sole proprietorship is not a form of company but a sole trader under Commercial Law 33/2007. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 5 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-004 | Special forms under Art. 6 Holding / free zone / offshore Art. 6 additionally recognises: wholly state-owned joint-stock companies, free zone companies (registered office in a free zone), holding companies (only as a private or public joint-stock company; object: holding shares in LLCs/joint-stock companies, or forming and managing them) and 'external' (offshore) companies (الشركات الخارجية), whose objects are restricted to business outside Syria. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 6 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-005 | Legal personality and registration deadline all (except محاصة) A company acquires legal personality vis-à-vis third parties only upon publication (شهر) through entry in the companies register; the entry must be made within 30 days of formation at the companies register of the governorate of the head office. The undisclosed partnership (محاصة) has no legal personality and is not registered. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 3, 13, 51 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-006 | Company name – general rules all The name must not be contrary to public policy/morality and must be neither identical to nor liable to confusion with a name already registered in Syria or a world-famous name. The name, legal form and register number must be stated on all business papers; an LLC must additionally state its capital. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 11, 14, 57 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-007 | Company name – legal form suffixes LLC / single-member LLC / تضامن / توصية The name of an LLC must be used with the suffix 'شركة محدودة المسؤولية'; a single-member LLC with 'شركة الشخص الواحد المحدودة المسؤولية'. The firm name of a general partnership consists of the names of all or some of the partners with the addition 'وشركاؤهم'. In the firm name of a limited partnership, only general partners may be named; the name of a limited partner is not permitted. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 30, 45, 55, 57 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-008 | Name check/reservation – body and duration all According to consistent information from law firms, the name check/reservation is carried out at the Directorate for the Protection of Commercial and Industrial Property (مديرية حماية الملكية التجارية والصناعية); up to five name proposals are customary. Information on the period of validity (e.g. 90 days) and the fee is not officially documented. The duration '90 days' and '2–3 working days' appear only at truescho.com (https://truescho.com/en/blog/register-company-syria-2026), without primary evidence. SANA names the director as head of the 'Directorate for Companies and Property Protection' – both functions apparently under one roof. Whether the e-portal covers name reservation is not officially documented. |
Secondary sources only – still to be verified | تأسيس الشركات في سوريا 2026 – المحامية ليندا بيطار published 26 July 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-009 | LLC – number of partners LLC An LLC consists of at least two persons; liability is limited to the contribution. The text of the law retrieved states NO express maximum number; the number 25 appears only as a threshold (e.g. up to 7 instead of 5 managers where there are more than 25 partners). CONTRADICTION: secondary sources state a maximum of 50 (Linda Bitar 07/2026, truescho, Enab Baladi 2020) or 10 (sig-sy). In the text of LD 29/2011 that was read, 50 does not occur as a number of partners. The official model articles of association (mitcp.gov.sy, docx) could not be retrieved. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Conflicting sources – still to be verified | Art. 55, 66, 67 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-010 | Single-member LLC – permissibility Single-member LLC An LLC can be formed by a single person ('شركة الشخص الواحد المحدودة المسؤولية'); details are governed by ministerial implementing regulations. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 55 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-011 | Single-member LLC – implementing regulations Single-member LLC Under the (historical) implementing regulations: the founder can be a natural or legal person of Syrian nationality; non-Syrians only for certain investment projects; company's objects restricted to one activity/one project; capital to be paid in full on formation (bank receipt); no insurance, banking or financial intermediation business; no loan by the company to the owner/manager; annual financial statements with auditor's report within six months. Text without decision number/date (web post 2017, issued by the then Minister al-Shaar c. 2011). Continued validity in 2026 unconfirmed; according to Karam Shaar, practice in 2025/26 permits wholly foreign-owned LLCs, and circular 03/2026 allows up to five activities – the restrictions on foreigners and on a single object are therefore presumably outdated. The capital amount stated there (5 million) is out of date. |
Unconfirmed – still to be verified | Art. 1, 2, 7, 8, 13, 19, 20 التعليمات التنفيذية لشركة الشخص الواحد المحدودة المسؤولية (mohamah.net) |
11 October 2026 |
| A-012 | LLC – capital: currency and payment LLC / single-member LLC The capital is denominated in Syrian pounds (another currency only with the Ministry's approval). It must be paid in full within 30 days of the approval decision, unless the articles of association/application provide otherwise; in that case at least 40 % of the cash contributions must be paid on approval, the remainder within one year. Cash contributions must be proven by bank receipts. Shares are of equal value and indivisible. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. Secondary sources in 2026 conflict on whether 100 % (Linda Bitar) or 40 % (truescho/Jusoor) is required in practice. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 56 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-013 | LLC – contributions in kind and prohibitions LLC Contributions in kind (including licences, patents, know-how) are permitted and must be supported by a valuation report; work/services are not a contribution. Contributions in kind must be transferred within 60 days of approval. No public subscription, no tradable bonds; insurance, banking and savings business is prohibited for an LLC. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 56, 59, 60 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-014 | Minimum capital – legal basis and historical amounts all companies with share capital The law itself does not state a minimum capital; it is set by ministerial decision. Historically (Decision No. 2128 of the then Minister of Internal Trade al-Gharbi): general partnership/limited partnership/LLC 5 million, single-member LLC 10 million, private joint-stock company 15 million, public joint-stock company 100 million, holding joint-stock company 1 billion Syrian pounds (old). According to the press, these amounts were raised in October 2022. Undated page (c. 2016/17). Historical value only; the 5 million figure in some 2026 guides originates here and is outdated. The increase of 10/2022 is documented only via Enab Baladi (https://www.enabbaladi.net/669332), without amounts. |
Official body | التجارة الداخلية تصدر قرارات محددة لرأسمال الشركات ورسوم تصديقها (safap.org.sy) | 11 October 2026 |
| A-015 | Minimum capital LLC – current value LLC For 2025/2026, 50 million Syrian pounds (old pounds) is consistently stated as the applicable minimum capital of an LLC; the attempt to raise it to 250 million by Decision No. 70 of 5 January 2026 was withdrawn on 7 January 2026. No primary text of the underlying decision found (the law firm Alkourabi cites 'Decree 21/2022' – unconfirmed). Further secondary evidence: scopeout-integrated.com (01/2026), syrianbusinessgateway.com (04/2026), alkourabilawfirm.com (09/2026, expressly 'old pounds'). The figures '100 million for an industrial LLC' and '10 million single-member LLC' (truescho) are not documented. The conversion into new pounds (÷100) is our own derivation from Decree 293/2025; an official redetermination in new pounds was not found. |
Secondary sources only – still to be verified | Syria Company Registrations 2025 (Karam Shaar Advisory) published 24 May 2025 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-016 | Decision No. 70/2026 – increase and withdrawal all companies with share capital Decision No. 70 of the Ministry of Economy and Industry of 5 January 2026 increased minimum capital and fees (including LLC 50 → 250 million, holding 1 → 2 billion pounds); it was revoked two days later, on 7 January 2026, by ministerial decision. The previous values apply. Amounts of the increase according to scopeout-integrated.com (https://scopeout-integrated.com/ar/invests/chance/raising-fees-and-minimum-capital-requirements-for-companies-in-syria) and search result snippets (alaraby.co.uk, syria.tv – snippet only, not retrievable). truescho.com mistakenly cites 'Decision No. 70' as the applicable source for fees. Original decisions not read. |
Secondary sources only – still to be verified | وزارة الاقتصاد تتراجع عن قرار رفع رسوم تأسيس الشركات بعد يومين من صدوره (Syriandays) published 7 January 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-017 | Minimum capital private joint-stock company / public joint-stock company / holding Joint-stock company private / public / holding Secondary sources in 2026 state: private joint-stock company 100 million, holding 1 billion (old) Syrian pounds; for the public joint-stock company the figures vary (1 billion or 15 billion). Official current amounts are not documented. Alkourabi: public joint-stock company 1 billion; truescho: 15 billion. Holding 1 billion is indirectly supported by the (revoked) increase '1 → 2 billion'. No primary evidence. |
Conflicting sources – still to be verified | How to Form a Company in Syria (Alkourabi Law Firm) published 10 September 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-018 | Currency changeover – new Syrian pound all Decree No. 293 of 24 December 2025 introduced the new Syrian pound (100 old = 1 new pound), with exchange from 1 January 2026; after three extensions, old notes lost their status as legal tender on 31 July 2026. Capital and fee figures from before 2026 are in old pounds. The decree itself was not read. Whether the Ministry has expressly republished minimum capital/fees in new pounds is unconfirmed; almost all 2026 guides continue to state old amounts without marking them. |
Secondary sources only – still to be verified | 3 تمديدات للعملة السورية الجديدة (economist-sy.com) published 10 August 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-019 | Deadline for full payment of capital (2025 circular) LLC / joint-stock company In May 2025 the Ministry of Economy and Industry granted companies that had not paid in their capital in full under Arts. 56/92, or had not adjusted their status under Art. 224, a period of one year; until this is regularised they do not receive certified commercial register extracts. The period arithmetically expired around 05/2026; extension unknown. At the same time it documents the continued validity of LD 29/2011 under the new government. |
Official body | Art. 56, 92, 224 وزارة الاقتصاد في سوريا تمنح الشركات سنة واحدة لاستكمال تسديد رأس مالها (CNBC Arabia, zit. SANA) published 25 May 2025 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-020 | LLC – management LLC / single-member LLC Up to five managers (up to seven where there are more than 25 partners); term of office as per the articles of association, no more than four years, renewable. Managers must be of full age and in possession of their civil rights, must not be public servants and must not have been convicted of felonies/offences against honour (declaration + certified criminal record extract). They are jointly and severally liable to the Ministry, the company, the partners and third parties. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 67, 68, 69 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-021 | LLC – auditor LLC / single-member LLC The document on the appointment of the auditor must be attached to the formation application; the annual financial statements must be confirmed by the company's auditor. In effect, an auditor is therefore mandatory from formation. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. The law firm Alkourabi (09/2026) confirms that a letter naming the manager and auditor is required. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 61, 68 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-022 | LLC – formation application and statutory deadlines LLC / single-member LLC After paying the fee, the founders submit the application to the Ministry; signatures must be certified by the notary or an official designated by the Ministry. To be attached: articles of association, appointment of managers and auditor, report on contributions in kind where applicable, payment deadline. The Minister decides within 7 days of registration of the application; the approved documents must be deposited within 60 days with the registrar, who may not impose requirements going beyond the law. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. Duration in practice according to law firms 15–25 working days; according to SANA (08/2026), initial registration via the portal no more than 5 working days. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 61, 62 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-023 | LLC – transfer of shares LLC Assignments of shares are made before the notary or an official of the Companies Directorate and take effect only upon entry in the register of partners kept by the managers; co-partners have a right of pre-emption. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 64, 66 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-024 | Model articles of association of the Ministry LLC / single-member LLC / holding The General Administration provides model articles of association as Word files on mitcp.gov.sy (LLC, single-member LLC, holding). Search result snippet only: files appeared in search results, retrieval failed (client error). Content and currency (old ministry name?) not checked. Further hits: '.../النظام الأساسي لشركةالشخص الواحد .docx', '.../النظام الاساسي للشركة القابضة.doc'. Download manually in the browser. |
Unconfirmed – still to be verified | النظام الأساسي لشركة المحدودة المسؤولية (mitcp.gov.sy, docx) | 11 October 2026 |
| A-025 | General partnership (تضامن) – basic rules general partnership At least two partners, who are personally and jointly and severally liable and acquire the status of merchant. Registration with the registrar with a copy of the partnership agreement; entry within two working days; no statutory minimum capital provided for in the law. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. The law firm Alkourabi states a guide figure of 15 million old pounds for partnerships according to 'implementing regulations' – undocumented. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 29, 30, 32 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-026 | Limited partnership (توصية) – basic rules limited partnership At least one general partner (with unlimited liability) and one or more limited partners; limited partners may not interfere in the management vis-à-vis third parties and may not appear in the firm name. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 44, 45, 46 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-027 | Joint-stock company – number of founders and governing bodies Joint-stock company private / public Private joint-stock company: according to secondary sources, at least three founders/shareholders, managed by a board of directors; at least 40 % payment on formation. For the public joint-stock company, the figures for the minimum number vary (5 or 10); it is subject to securities supervision. The joint-stock company part of the law (Art. 86 et seq.) could not be read in the primary text. Al Aaed: public joint-stock company at least 10; Alkourabi: at least 5; Linda Bitar contradictory (3 in the text, 2 in the table). Board size and nationality quotas unconfirmed. |
Conflicting sources – still to be verified | Types of Companies in Syrian Law: 2026 Legal Guide (Al Aaed Law) published 29 July 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-028 | Holding – legal form Holding A holding company can only be set up as a private or public joint-stock company; according to the Ministry, three closed holding companies were registered in 2026 up to May. Tie to the legal form derived from Art. 6(5) LD 29/2011 (primary text mirror read); SANA documents the actual registration. |
Official body | Art. 6 Syria registers over 1,800 new companies in 2026 (SANA EN) published 24 May 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-029 | Registration statistics 2026 by legal form all From 1 January to 24 May 2026, 1,846 companies were registered: 1,349 LLCs, 432 general partnerships, 38 limited partnerships, 24 private joint-stock companies, 3 holdings. Since July 2025 the Directorate has been based at a new location in Damascus. Source: Director Abdulmajeed (Abdul Majid) al-Abdo. |
Official body | Syria registers over 1,800 new companies in 2026 (SANA EN) published 24 May 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-030 | E-portal comreg.itcp.gov.sy – launch and scope of functions all companies On 7 July 2026 the General Administration for Internal Trade and Consumer Protection launched, via its portal comreg.itcp.gov.sy, the 'company formation' service for all types of company: entry of company data, upload of the statutory documents, check before submission, online tracking of processing status at the Companies Directorate. The portal itself is retrievable only as an empty shell (JavaScript app; title 'مديرية الشركات – بوابتك للخدمات الإلكترونية'); direct retrieval by curl blocked by the proxy. The specific list of fields, name reservation and file formats are therefore unconfirmed. No indication whatsoever of a public API. |
Official body | إطلاق خدمة تأسيس الشركات عبر البوابة الإلكترونية للإدارة العامة للتجارة الداخلية (SANA) published 7 July 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-031 | E-portal – access only after personal attendance all companies A user name and password for the portal are obtained only by attending in person at the General Administration in Damascus or at the companies departments of the internal trade directorates in the governorates; online self-registration is not described. Whether an authorised representative/lawyer can obtain the login details is not documented. According to SANA (3 August 2026), remote identification is only planned. |
Official body | إطلاق خدمة تأسيس الشركات عبر البوابة الإلكترونية للإدارة العامة للتجارة الداخلية (SANA) published 7 July 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-032 | E-portal – use, duration and planned expansion stages LLC / single-member LLC / private joint-stock company By 3 August 2026, 65 companies had been filed via the platform (43 LLCs, 21 single-member LLCs, 1 private joint-stock company), 13 of them completed through to acceptance. With correct documents, initial registration takes no more than five working days. Planned (not yet implemented): remote identification, electronic issue of the commercial register extract, connection to the Ministries of Finance and Justice and to banks, online applications for changes. Online payment was announced in May 2026 (SANA EN), implementation unconfirmed. According to the law firm Linda Bitar, completion (signature, paper register) is still in person – secondary. |
Official body | وزارة الاقتصاد: تسجيل 65 شركة عبر المنصة الإلكترونية لتأسيس الشركات خلال أقل من شهر (SANA) published 3 August 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-033 | E-portal – public API all No public API, developer documentation or interface for third parties is documented for comreg.itcp.gov.sy; official announcements describe use exclusively via a user account in the browser. Negative finding from search; without JavaScript the page delivers only the title and meta information. In addition, since January 2026 there has been a separate service for self-updating individual commercial registers in Rif Dimashq (SANA 7 July 2026). |
Unconfirmed – still to be verified | مديرية الشركات – بوابتك للخدمات الإلكترونية | 11 October 2026 |
| A-034 | Circular July 2026 – immediate issue of the register all companies According to a ministerial circular (July 2026), companies departments and register offices must register the company, issue and publish the formation decision and issue the first commercial register as soon as the basic documents are available; issue may not be made dependent on either financial procedures or activity approvals/licences. Remaining procedures (Ministry of Finance etc.) must be completed by the time the register is renewed. Read via the press (ecoworld-sy, albiladpress.com, both citing SANA); circular number unknown. |
Official body | وزير الاقتصاد يصدر تعميماً لتوحيد آلية عمل دوائر الشركات والسجل التجاري في المحافظات published 13 July 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-035 | Circular July 2026 – exceptions (prior approval) regulated activities Prior approvals remain required for activities within the remit of the Ministries of Interior, Defence and Energy, and for supervised sectors: banks, currency exchange, money transfer, insurance and insurance brokerage, medical expenses management, real estate development, valuation and financing, protection and guard services. Quotation as per SANA; original circular not read. |
Official body | جريدة البلاد – سوريا: إجراءات جديدة لتسهيل تأسيس الشركات published 13 July 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-036 | Activities in the register (circular March 2026) all (individual and company registers) No more than five dissimilar activities are permitted per commercial register, each according to the unified classification of economic activities SYRSIC (levels 5/6, with code). 'Import and export' must be stated expressly in the objects, specifying the types of goods (no more than five sectors). 'Participation in tenders' only with reference to the company's objects. SYRSIC designation according to Enab Baladi (https://www.enabbaladi.net/801946). The classification list itself was not obtained. |
Official body | الاقتصاد والصناعة تصدر تعميماً لتوحيد إجراءات السجل التجاري في المحافظات (SANA) published 28 March 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-037 | Restrictions on foreigners (circular March 2026) foreign founders/partners Individual registers of foreigners may not include import (exception: investment projects under the Investment Law, project-related). Registers whose owner or one of whose partners is a non-Syrian may not carry on the representation of foreign companies or commercial agencies. Whether wholly foreign-owned LLCs may import is not clear from the report (the import ban refers to individual registers). |
Official body | الاقتصاد والصناعة تصدر تعميماً لتوحيد إجراءات السجل التجاري في المحافظات (SANA) published 28 March 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-038 | Registered office – provisional registered office and contract term Companies with share capital / all Companies with share capital may use a provisional registered office for six months on formation; after that, a permanent registered office must be proven. Lease, investment or loan-for-use contracts for the registered office must be for one Gregorian year, with a clearly specified start and end. Changes of registered office and of branches require official letters from the competent bodies. Formal requirements (authentication by municipality/governorate, registration of the lease, commercial designation) documented only by secondary sources, see the following entry. |
Official body | الاقتصاد والصناعة تصدر تعميماً لتوحيد إجراءات السجل التجاري في المحافظات (SANA) published 28 March 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-039 | Registered office – form of proof all According to law firms, a certified lease, proof of commercial ownership or a 'flexible office' is accepted as proof of the registered office, in each case confirmed by the governorate/municipality; for tax registration, the tax administration carries out a site inspection. No official evidence found for a 'flexible office'; site inspection according to Linda Bitar (07/2026). By law, Art. 12 LD 29/2011 requires only a registered office in Syria (primary text mirror). |
Secondary sources only – still to be verified | How to Form a Company in Syria (Alkourabi Law Firm) published 10 September 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-040 | Registered office and nationality of the company all A company formed and registered in Syria is deemed Syrian by operation of law and must have its registered office in Syria; the registered office is the address for service. Text read via an unofficial full-text mirror (original 2011 version, breaks off at Art. 69); parliament.gov.sy, sia.gov.sy and damacham.sy were technically not retrievable (robots/errors). Later amendments not incorporated – check against the Official Gazette version before production use. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 10, 12 المرسوم التشريعي رقم 29 لعام 2011 – قانون الشركات (Volltext, Spiegel in Google-Group 'syrianlaw') published 14 February 2011 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-041 | Renewal of the commercial register 2025/2026 all The validity of commercial registers issued in 2025 was extended by a circular of 7 January 2026 until the expiry of the term of the registered office or of the management (whichever ends earlier); renewal in the same month of 2026 in which the register was issued in 2025. The commercial register therefore has to be renewed periodically (annually). Annual cycle derived from the report; renewal fee unknown. |
Official body | إجراءات مبسطة.. وزارة الاقتصاد تمدد صلاحية السجل التجاري الممنوح عام 2025 (SANA) published 7 January 2026 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-042 | Sole trader – registration requirement and deadline Sole proprietorship Every merchant with a principal place of business in Syria (regardless of nationality) must register with the commercial registrar of the governorate within one month of opening or acquiring the business; small traders (Art. 10) are exempt. Without registration, the merchant cannot bring legal proceedings in a commercial capacity. Unofficial full-text mirror; WIPO Lex entry SY006 confirms the existence of the law (adopted 2007, in force 1 April 2008). No indication of repeal after 12/2024 found; the 2026 circulars continue to rely on it. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 9, 10, 24, 25, 41 قانون التجارة السوري رقم 33 لعام 2007 (Volltext-Spiegel) published 9 February 2007 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-043 | Sole trader – mandatory particulars of the registration Sole proprietorship The registration contains, among other things: name, trade name, date/place of birth, place of residence, original and subsequent nationality, object of the trade, existing/former business premises in Syria, shop sign, authorised representatives. Unofficial full-text mirror; WIPO Lex entry SY006 confirms the existence of the law (adopted 2007, in force 1 April 2008). No indication of repeal after 12/2024 found; the 2026 circulars continue to rely on it. Documents required in practice (chamber certificate etc.) from secondary sources only: https://zatariafyonlu.av.tr/ar/conditions-for-establishing-a-commercial-register-in-syria/ (11/2025). |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 25 قانون التجارة السوري رقم 33 لعام 2007 (Volltext-Spiegel) published 9 February 2007 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-044 | Trade name of the sole trader Sole proprietorship The merchant trades under a trade name (العنوان التجاري) which consists of their name and must be clearly distinguishable from names already registered; additions must not mislead as to identity, size or the existence of a company. The trade name cannot be transferred without the business. Unofficial full-text mirror; WIPO Lex entry SY006 confirms the existence of the law (adopted 2007, in force 1 April 2008). No indication of repeal after 12/2024 found; the 2026 circulars continue to rely on it. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 45, 46, 48 قانون التجارة السوري رقم 33 لعام 2007 (Volltext-Spiegel) published 9 February 2007 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-045 | Commercial register entry of companies all companies Companies with their head office in Syria must be entered in the commercial register of the district of their registered office; application by the managers/board of directors within one month of formation, with a certified copy of the instrument of incorporation/articles of association and a summary in two copies (partners, name, objects, registered office and branches, persons authorised to represent, capital, duration). The register number must appear on correspondence and invoices. Unofficial full-text mirror; WIPO Lex entry SY006 confirms the existence of the law (adopted 2007, in force 1 April 2008). No indication of repeal after 12/2024 found; the 2026 circulars continue to rely on it. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 27, 38, 40 قانون التجارة السوري رقم 33 لعام 2007 (Volltext-Spiegel) published 9 February 2007 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-046 | Foreign company – permitted forms foreign company – branch / representative office Foreign companies may operate in Syria only after registration under Law 34/2008, namely as a branch (فرع), temporary office (for fixed-term contracts, 1 year, renewable once), representative office or regional office. A representative office (only one per company; only advertising, PR, gathering information) and a regional office may not carry on any commercial activity in Syria. Unofficial full-text mirror with OCR gaps. Continued validity in 2026 confirmed by secondary sources only (Esenyel 04/2026, truescho 05/2026); amounts in old pounds and presumably superseded by ministerial decisions. Publication date known here only as the year 2008 (ISO date 2008-01-01 as a placeholder). |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 15 القانون رقم 34 لعام 2008 – تسجيل الشركات والمؤسسات الأجنبية التي يقع مركزها خارج سوريا (Volltext-Spiegel) published 1 January 2008 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-047 | Foreign company – documents and deadline foreign company – branch Application with details of, among others, the general manager and the auditor; to be attached are the certified articles of association/instrument of incorporation, the resolution of the governing body on the establishment, the commercial register certificate of the parent company, the power of attorney for the local general manager, each with a sworn Arabic translation, and proof of paid-up capital of the parent company of at least 50 million (old) Syrian pounds or the equivalent (amount may be changed by the Minister). Registration within 30 days of a complete application; in the event of inaction, complaint to the Minister. Unofficial full-text mirror with OCR gaps. Continued validity in 2026 confirmed by secondary sources only (Esenyel 04/2026, truescho 05/2026); amounts in old pounds and presumably superseded by ministerial decisions. Current amount of the proof of capital unconfirmed. Legalisation chain according to sig-sy.com (secondary). |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 4, 5, 21 القانون رقم 34 لعام 2008 – تسجيل الشركات والمؤسسات الأجنبية التي يقع مركزها خارج سوريا (Volltext-Spiegel) published 1 January 2008 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-048 | Foreign company – general manager foreign company – branch The general manager must be a natural person of Syrian nationality (or a legal person with exclusively Syrian partners, represented by a natural person in Syria); a non-Syrian only with the Minister's approval. Elected domicile in Syria required; a vacancy must be reported within 30 days, a successor within 60 days. Unofficial full-text mirror with OCR gaps. Continued validity in 2026 confirmed by secondary sources only (Esenyel 04/2026, truescho 05/2026); amounts in old pounds and presumably superseded by ministerial decisions. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 17, 19 القانون رقم 34 لعام 2008 – تسجيل الشركات والمؤسسات الأجنبية التي يقع مركزها خارج سوريا (Volltext-Spiegel) published 1 January 2008 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-049 | Foreign company – ongoing obligations foreign company – branch Separate accounting for the Syrian business in accordance with international standards, auditor from a licensed audit firm, filing of the balance sheet and profit and loss account within 90 days of the end of the financial year, publication in two daily newspapers; non-Syrian staff need a work card. Unofficial full-text mirror with OCR gaps. Continued validity in 2026 confirmed by secondary sources only (Esenyel 04/2026, truescho 05/2026); amounts in old pounds and presumably superseded by ministerial decisions. |
Verified against the legal text | Art. 25, 27 القانون رقم 34 لعام 2008 – تسجيل الشركات والمؤسسات الأجنبية التي يقع مركزها خارج سوريا (Volltext-Spiegel) published 1 January 2008 |
11 October 2026 |
| A-050 | Foreign company – statutory fees (historical) foreign company – branch / representative office The fee schedule to Law 34/2008 provides for: registration of a branch, representative office or regional office 50,000 each, temporary office 25,000, agency registration 10,000 Syrian pounds (old pounds, as at 2008). Unofficial full-text mirror with OCR gaps. Continued validity in 2026 confirmed by secondary sources only (Esenyel 04/2026, truescho 05/2026); amounts in old pounds and presumably superseded by ministerial decisions. Current fees for 2026 unknown; the law firm sig-sy estimates total costs at 700–900 USD (undocumented). |
Verified against the legal text | Art. Anhang القانون رقم 34 لعام 2008 – تسجيل الشركات والمؤسسات الأجنبية التي يقع مركزها خارج سوريا (Volltext-Spiegel) published 1 January 2008 |
11 October 2026 |
Translations are provided for understanding. The official Arabic original texts are binding.